Notebook
Essays and notes on political economy, books, history, and the forces that shape how people live.
What Did the Iraq War Achieve?
Twenty-three years after the United States invaded Iraq, American forces have left the country. The withdrawal completed at the end of September closes the latest stage of an American military involvement that was not continuous: the main force withdrew in 2011 and troops returned in 2014 after Islamic State seized large parts of Iraq.